^ 

^«.^< 


ir 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


li^lM    125 

2.0 


i4P 


U& 


I^IIL&U^ 

< 

6"     

► 

Sdmces 
Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STMIT 

«MttSnR,N.Y.  14SM 

(716)  •72-4503 


4^ 


,4" 


■  > 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVl/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canndian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Tachnical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notaa  tachniquoa  at  bibiiograpliiquas 


Tlia  instituta  lias  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  boat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua. 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  aignificantiy  changa 
tha  uaual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


n 


D 


D 
D 


D 


Q 


Colourad  covara/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I     I   Covara  damagad/ 


Couvartura  andommagte 


Covara  raatorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  raataurte  at/ou  palliculte 


I      I   Covar  titia  miaaing/ 


La  titre  da  couvartura  manqua 


I     I   Colourad  mapa/ 


Cartaa  gAographiquas  an  coulaur 


□   Colourad  ink  (i.a.  othar  than  blua  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 

nn   Colourad  plataa  and/or  illuatrationa/ 


Planchaa  at/ou  illuatrationa  an  coulaur 


Bound  with  othar  matarial/ 
Rail*  avac  d'autraa  documanta 


Tight  binding  may  cauaa  ahadowa  or  diatortion 
along  intarior  margin/ 

La  re  liura  aarrie  paut  cauaar  da  I'ombra  ou  da  la 
diatortion  la  long  da  la  marge  IntArieura 

Blank  laavaa  added  during  reatoration  may 
appear  within  the  taxt.  Whanevar  poaaibia,  theae 
have  baan  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  aa  paut  que  certainaa  pagaa  blanchaa  ajouttea 
lore  d'una  reatauration  apparaiaaant  dana  la  taxte, 
maia,  loraque  cela  ttait  poaaibia,  caa  pagaa  n'ont 
paa  4t4  fiimiaa. 


L'Inatitut  a  microfilm*  la  mailleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  At*  poaaibia  da  aa  procurer.  Lea  dMaila 
da  cat  exemplaire  qui  aont  paut-Atre  uniquea  du 
point  da  vue  bibliographiqua,  qui  pauvent  modifier 
une  imaga  raproduite.  ou  qui  pauvent  exiger  une 
modification  dana  la  mAthoda  normale  de  film«ge 
aont  indiqute  ci-deaaoua. 


The 
tott 


I     I   Coloured  pagaa/ 


Pagaa  de  couleur 

Pagaa  damaged/ 
Pagaa  endommagtea 


□   Pagaa  raatorad  and/or  laminated/ 
Pagaa  reataurtea  at/ou  pallicul6ea 

0   Pagaa  diacoiourad.  atainad  or  foxed/ 
Pagaa  dteolortea,  tachetAea  ou  piqutea 

□   Pagaa  detached/ 
Pagaa  d^tachtea 

0Showthrough/ 
Tranaparence 

□   Quality  of  print  variaa/ 
Quality  InAgala  de  I'impreaaion 

□   includaa  aupplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  aupplAmantaire 

□   Only  edition  available/ 
Saule  Mition  diaponibia 


D 


Pagaa  wholly  or  partially  obacurad  by  errata 
aiipa,  tiaauaa,  ate,  have  been  ref limed  to 
enaure  the  baat  poaaibia  image/ 
Lea  pagaa  totalamant  ou  partiallement 
obacurciax  par  un  fauillat  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  filmtea  A  nouveau  da  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  imaga  poaaibia. 


Additional  commenta:/ 
Commantairea  auppiimantairaa: 


Pagination  n  followi:  37-60  p. 


Thia  itam  ia  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  aat  film*  au  taux  da  rMuction  indiqu*  ci-deaaoua. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

y 

12X                           1«X                           20X                           MX                           28X                           32X 

The 
poai 
of  tl 
filml 


Orig 
bagi 
thai 
aion 
othfl 
firat 
aion 
or  ill 


The 
ahall 
TINI 
whi( 

Map 
difffl 
entii 
begi 
right 
requ 
metl 


ir« 

details 
iM  du 
modifier 
l«r  una 
film«ga 


Tha  copy  filmad  hare  has  baan  raproducad  thanics 
to  tha  ganarosity  of: 

Nationai  Library  of  Canada 


Tha  imagas  appearing  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


L'axemplaire  fiimA  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gAnArositA  da: 

BibliothAque  nationale  du  Canada 


Las  images  suivantas  ont  AtA  reproduites  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin,  compta  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
da  la  nettetA  de  I'exemplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmaga. 


ftes 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covera  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  bacic  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  ara  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  ImprimAe  sent  filmes  en  commen^ant 
par  la  premier  plat  et  en  terminiint  soit  par  la 
darnlAre  page  qui  comporte  unn  empreinte 
d'impreesion  ou  d'illustration.  aoit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sent  filmfo  en  commenpant  par  la 
pramlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impreesion  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  darnlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbo*  — ^-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
darnlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  ▼  signifie  "FIN". 


re 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  de  rAduction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  11  est  filmA  A  partir 
da  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  has,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'imagas  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


i  errata 
id  to 

fit 

ie  pelure, 

9on  A 


n 


1  2  3 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

W*"?'' 


% 


4„  .•► 


i-  i  w  /^  -1 


i 


V 


'.'A^*4. 


:E^,;1*■   T%-E 


-J .'«./ 


■    '■■i-'-*'!>-*i?.'' 


!?■, 


> 


TO     T  H  B 


,'■  H  • '  •»!,■<    ■■%<■ 


II^HABlt  ANT  S 


W*"-" 


»-.J:.«   * 


•  '■'^« 


.•■-/• 


P   a    O    V    IN    C    E^ 


■'/ 


E  B  E  C 


V- 


■'S  1' 


""^"TT** 


mr 


i    '   .  I'l     ll'<   I    '  .i(liii 


mm 


■»iS" 


f     I        tm 


Wii^iAM  and  1^1^  BiM^^9, 


■"v, 


./.  .  .,■ 
1/4.  /  -    i 


%, 


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•if!.*-     *»■ 


i*l 


fi  •'(9. 


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t   if  ] 


-.1 


o 


i  OJ 


O  F    T  H  E 


;P«.  Q  y  I  N  C  E  OP  i^X/^JE  B  EQxl 

/T/«/if  j»^  Fellow-SubjeSis,  -  V ^-"-"^^ 

E|v  ^he  P  E,  L  E  G  A  T  £  9  pF  the  Colonies 
^  ,  of  New  Hampfhire,  Maitachuietts-fil^^ 
khQ4j^4(Iahd  an^  t'rovidehce  i'lsmtacions,  Cofh* 
nc5Ucuti  New-York^  Ncw-Jdfey,  ffennfylvaniait 
l^he  tounfies  of"  Newcaiile  Kent  and  SulTex  oa' 
Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia,  Korth-Carolina 
and  South-Carolina^ .  deputed  by  the  inhabitants 
of  tlie  faid  Cofc^les,  to  reprefent  them  in  a  Ge^ 
liefai  Congrefs  at  Philadelphia,  iii  the  province 
of  fVrinmvaniaj  to  confult  together  concerning 
ttii'^il  methods  Co  obtain  redrefs  of  our  afflldb- 
ing  gHevances,  having  accordingly  afTembled^ 
and  ckken  into  our  moil  feripus  conlideration  the 
f^aiifC  of  pubFic  affairs  on  this  continent,  have 
thought  proper  to  addrefs  your  province,  as  a 
member  therein  deeply  inierefted. 

When  the  foitune  of  war,  after  a  gallant  and 
glorious  refiffanc^,  had  incorporated  vau  with 
fhe  body  of  Englifh  fubje£ls,  we  rejoiced  in  the 
truly  valuable  addition,  both  dn  our  own  and 
your  account  *,  eJtpefting,  as  courage  and  genero- 
fity  are  naturafiy  united,  our  brave  enemies  would 

F  2  become 


\ 


I 


"7 


I     38     ] 

become  our  hearty  friends,  and  that  the  Divide 
Being  would  btcft  to  you  theidifpenfations  oJF  hist 
over-ruling  providence,  by  fecuring  to  you  and 
your  lateft  pofterity  the  ineftimable  advantages 
of  a  fi'ee  English  conftituiion  of  government, 
which  it  is  the -privilege  of  aU  Englifh  fubjefj^ 
to  enjoy.     - 

These  hopes  were  conGrmed  by  the  King's 
proclamation,  ilTued  in  the  year  1763,  plighting 
the  public  faith  for  your  full  enjoyment  of  thofe 
advantages.  y 

*        ..      ,    •  -      . 

'  Little  ^d  we  imagine  thk^  any  fucceedii^ 
Mifiifters  would  fo  audacioufly  and  cruelly  abil^ 
the  fx>yal  authority,  as  to  with-hold  from  ybd 
the  fruitioii  of'  the.  irrevocable,  rights,  tb  which' 
jou  were  tlius  juftly  endtled. 

But  fince  we  have  lived  to  lee  the  unexpeded 
tunc,  when  MinHtcrs  of  this  fiag^ous  temper 
have  dared  to  violate  the  moft  lacred  compads 
and  cbfigadons,  and  as  you,  educated  under 
another  form  of  government,  have  artfully  beeii 
kept  from  dilcovciing  the  unfpeakable  worth  of 
that  fbnii  you  ^kt  now  undoubte<Uy  endded  "^ 
wc  cfieem  it  our  duty,  for  the  weighty  reaibna 
herdiiaiter  mentioned,  to  exf^iun  to  you  ibme 
of  its  moft  important  bnoch^ 


V- 


•*  Ih  every  human  IbcSety,*'  fays  the  cele- 
brated Mfrquis  Beccaria^  **  there  is  ail  ejfort^ 
epniamaUy  ietuSng  to  confer  on  ^ne  part  the 
licijghth  of  power  and  hapbinels,  and  to  reduce 
the  «ther  to  the  eitreme  of  wcakneis  and  mifery. 

The 


I- 


Divide 
oJFhU 
>u  and 
ncages 
iment. 


King's 

ghting 

thofe 


eediiu^ 

tn  ybil 
whidi' 


peeked 
roiper 
npaicis 
under 
jrbecii 

edto^^ 
reaibn$ 
fomc 


!  cck- 


che 
"educe 
lifeiy. 
The 


v_ 


l- 


■v^ 


t    39    ]■ 

The  Intent  of  good  Uwsf  htoicpptjfi  this  ijfort^ 
and  CO  diffufe  their  'vA\Xtxk.Q  uniurjally  and 

Rulers,  ftimulated  by-  this  pernicious  **:ef- 
fort,'*  and  fubje^s,  animated  by  the  juft  *'  intent 
of  oppofing  good  laws  againft  it,*'  have  occa« 
fioned  that  vaft  variety  of  events,  that  fill  the  hi- 
ftories  of  fo  many  nations.  All  thef6  hiftories  de- 
monftrate  the  truth  of  this  fimple  pofition,  that 
to  live  by  the  wilt  of  one  man,  or  fett  of  men^ 
is  the  prod^dion  pf  mtfery  cq  all  men. 

On  the  (olid  foundation  of  this  principle,  En- 
glifluncn  reared  up  the  fabrick  of  thieir  conftitu- 
tion  with  (uch  a  ftrength,  as  forages  to  defy 
time,  tyranny,  treachery,  internar  and  foreign 
warss  And,  as  an  iUuftripus  author*  of  your 
natioii,  horeaiter  mentioned,  obferves^ — **  Thef 
gave  the  people  of  thdr  Colonies  the  form  if 
■thehrown  governnoent,  and  this  government  car- 
rying profperity  along  with  it,  diey  have  grO^n 
great  nations  in  ,the  forelb  they  were  (cm  to  in;- 
habit."  # 

In  this  form,  the  iirft  grand  right  is,  that  of 
the  people  having  a  (hare  in  their  own  govern- 
ment, by  their  reprefentadvcs,  chofe*  jy  thdn- 
felves,  and  in  conlequence  of  being  ruk  -  by  iaws 
whidi  they  themfelves  approve,  norby^<://^i  of 
meB  pv^  whom  they  have  no  controuK  This 
is  a  bulwark  furrounding  and  defending  their 
property,  which  by  their  honeft  cares  and  labours 
they  have  acquired,  fo  that  no  portions  of  it  can 
legally  be  taken  from  them,  but  with  their  own 

*  Montefciuieu.    ' 


full  and  free!  confent,  when  they  In  thetrjudg^ 
ment  deem,  it  juft  tnd  neceffary  to  give  thetn  for 
public  fervices,  and  prccifely  diredl  the  etfieft, 
cheapeft,  and  mod  equal  methods,   in  which 

they  (hail  be  coUe^ed.  .7; ^4 

■  .««..  -t 

The  influence  of  this  right  tjctends  ftill  farthet'. 
If  money  is  wanted  by  Rulers  who  have  in  any 
manner  opprefled  the  people^  they  may  retain  it^^  / 
until  their  grievances  are  redrefled  i  and  thus 
peaceably  procure  relief^  with6iit  trufting  to  de-^ 
Jpifed  petitions^  or  didUrbing  thd  publif  cfati^ 
quility. 

The  next  great  Hght  is^  that  of  trial  by  yiit^j 
This  provide^  that  neither  life,,  liberty  hor  pro^ 
perty  can  bP  taken  from  the  poiTelibri  ^ntil 
twelve  of  his  unexceptloriable  countirythen  an«^ 
peers,  of  his  vicinage,  who  from  that  neighbour" 
hood  may  reafbnably  be  fu^pofed  to  be  acquaint^ 
ed  with  his  chara£t^ry  and  the  chara^ersof  the 
witneiTes^  upor^  a  fair  trial,  and  full  encjony^  face 
to  face,  in  open  Court,  befbrd  as  many  of  the 
people  as  chufe  to  attend,  (hall  pafs  th^ir  ftn^ 
tence  upon  oath  againft  him ;  a  fentence  that 
cannot  injure  him,  without  injuring  their  own 
reputation,  and  probably  their  intereft  alfo  *,  as  the 
queftion  may  turn  on  points,  that,  in  fome  da* 
gree,  coticern  the  general  welfare  ;  and  if  it  ddei 
not,  their  verdict  may  form  a  precedent,  thi^t,  <)n 
a  fimilar  trial  of  their  own,  may  militate  againft 
themfelves. 

Another  right  relates  merely  to  the  liberty 
of  the  jKrfon.     If  a,  fufegeft  is  feized  and  impri* 

'  .        foned 


"•1 


:rty 
ipri* 
)ned 


[  41  ] 

fonied,  tho'  by  order  of  Government,  he  mayi 
bj;  virtue  of  thb  right,  immediately  obtain  a 
writ*  termed  t  Habeas  Corpus,  from  a  Judgr* 
whfiie  fwqrn  duty  it  is  to  grant  it,  and  thereupon 
procure  any  illegal  reftraint  to  be  quickly  enquired 
into  and  redre0ed. 

A  FOURTH  right  is,  that  of  holding  lands  by 
the  ttfnure  of  e^fy  renta^  and  not  by  rigorous  and 
opprelTive  forvices,  frequently  forcing  the  pof*- 
ibfflirs  from  their  families  and  their  Uifinefs,  toi 
perform  what  ought  to  be  done,  in  all  well  regu* 
iated  ftatof ,  by  Qien  hired  for  the  purpofe. 

Thi  laft  right  wo  (hall  mention,  regards  the 
freedom  oi  the  prefs.  The  importance  of  this 
confifts,  befides  the  advancement  of  truth,  fcience^ 
morality,  and  arts  in  general,  in  its  difFufion  of 
IH>6ral  fentiments  on  the  adminiilration  of  Cjo- 
verninciit,  its  ready  communication  of  thoughts 
between  fiibjeds,  and  its  eonfequential  promotion 
of  union  among  them,  whereby  oppreflTive  offi* 
cers  are  ihamed  or  intimidated  into  more  ho- 
tsourabk  and  juft  modes  of  conducting  affairs. 

Thess  are  the  invaluaUe  rights,  that  form  a 
'ConEderabie  part  of  our  mild  fyftem  of  govern- 
ment; that,  Ending  its  equitable  energy  through 
all  raaks  and  elafies-  of  men,  defends  the  poor 
from  the  rich,  the  weak  from  thepowepfu),  the 
indufirious  from  the  rapacious,  the  peaceable 
from  the  ifiolent,  the  tenants  from  the^  lords, 
and  all  from  their  fuperiors.:  '    '  '^i^r 

Thbsb  are  the  rights,  without  which' a  peo- 
ple cannot  be  free  and  happy,  and  under  the 

pro- 


V?i-, 


-v 


S    Is 


^    L 


>tei«(t.:M.r'^- 


■•'.?; 


[    4«    1 

proteftrng  and  encouraging  infhience  of  whicht 
thcfe  Colonies  have  hitherto  fo  a^a^ingly  flpu<' 
fiOied  and  increafed.  Thefe  are  the  rights  a 
profligate  Miniftry  are  now  driving,  by  force  ol 
arms,  to  ravilh  from  us,  and  which  we  are,  with 
one  mind,  refolved  never  to  refign  but  with  our 
HycL 

.  These  are  the  rights  yeu  are  entitled  to,  and 
4>ught  at  this  moment  in  ptrfeftion  to  excrcife. 
^nd  what  is  offered  to  you  by  the  late  A&  of 
Parliament  in  their  place  ?  Liberty  of  confcience 
ia  your  religion?  No.  God  gave  it  to  you; 
and  the  temporal  powers  with  which  you  have 
been  and  are  connected,  firmly  ftipidatcd  for 
your  enjoyment  of  it.  If  laws,  divine  and  hu- 
man, could  fecure  it  againft  the  defpotic  caprices 
of  wicked  men,  it  was  fecured  before.  Are  the 
French  laws  in  civil  cafes  reflored  ?  It  ferns  fi. 
But  obferve  the  cautious  kindne^  of  tat  Mini- 
fters»  who  pretend  to  be  your  benefa^ors.  The 
words  of  the  ftatute  are— that  thofe  *^  laws  ihaU 
be  the  rule,  until  thef  fiiall  be  varied  or  aUered 
by  any  ordinances  of  the  Governor  and  Council.*' 
Is  the  *^  certainty  and  lenity  of  the  erimnal  law 
ol  England,  and  its  benefits  and  advantages,'* 
commended  in  the  laid'  ftacute»  and  iaid  to 
^^  have  been  ienfiUy  felt  by  you,**  fecured  to 
you  and  your  defcendants  ?  No.  They  too  are 
tubjedted  to  arbitrary  *'  alieraim^*  by  the.  Go- 
vernor and  Council ;  and  a  power  is  ezpreflf 
reierved  of  appointing  *'  fuch  Courts  of  erim- 
iialy  civil  aad  frri^^/^/M/ jurifdidion,  asiihall  be 
thought  proper."  Such  is  the  precarious  tenure 
of  mere  «»//,  by  wiuch  foii  hold  your  livf  a  and 

.         reiigkni* 


irhicht 

i;bt8  ft 
rceof 
,  with 
chour 


},  and 
ccrcife* 
\&  of 
fcience 
•  you; 
I  have 
td  for 
nd  hii- 
aprkes 
Ue  the 
ms  fo, 
eMiiiK 
.   The 
rsfiiaU 
aUerei- 

m/law 
;ages, 
aid  to 
ifed  to 
too  are 
he.Go- 
xprcfly 
cnwtt" 
kbaUbe 


[     43     1 


./,  T 


tenure 
iFfsand 
digba. 


religion.     The  Crown  and  its  Minifters  ^re  im- 
powercd,  as  far  as  they  could  be  by  Farliamenc, 
to  eftablifh  even  the  Inquifttion  ttk\\  among  you. 
Have  you  an  AiTembly  compofed  of  worthy 
men,  ele<5ted  by  yourfelves,  and  in  whom  you 
can  confide,  to  make  laws  for  you,  to  watch 
over  your  welfare,  and  to  dired^  in  what  quan- 
tity, and  in  what  manner,  your  money  (hall  be 
taken  from  you?    No.    The  power  of  making 
hws  for  you  is  lodge!d  in  the  Governor  and 
Council,  all  of  them  depehditnt  upon,  and  tc- 
movable  at  the  pleajure  of  a  Minifter.     Btrfides, 
another  late  ftatute,mad%  without  your  confent,' 
has  fubjcded  you  to  the  impofitions  of  Excife^ 
che  horror  of  all  free  dates;  thus  wrefting  your 
property  from  you  by  the  mod  odious  of  taxes, 
and  laying  open  to  infolent  tax-gatherers,  houfes, 
the  jJMif^^  ^^  domeftic  pe<»ce  and  comfort,  and 
calirami^caftles  of  Ehglifh  fubje£ts.in  the  books 
of  their  lawVx^d  in  the  very  a£t  for  altering 
your  government,  and  intended  to  flatter  you, 
you  are  not  authdrifed'to  '*  aflfcfs,  levy  or  apply 
any  t^afes  and  taxes^  but  lor  the  inferior  purpofes 
of  taking  roads,  and  erecting  and  repairing  pub- 
lic iuildings,  or  for  other  local  conveniences,  within 
your  refpe^live  towns  and  d^ridbs.*'    Why  this 
degrading  diftindbion }  OugVt  not  the  property 
honeftly  acquired  by  Canadians  to  be  held  as  fa- 
cred~  as  that  of  Englifinitn  t  Have  not  Cana- 
dians fenfe  enough  to  atlind  to  ahy  other  public 
affairs,  than  gathering  ftones  from  one  place  ii|d 
piling  them  up  in  another?  Uiihappy  people t 
who  are  not  only  injured,  but  infulted.     Nay 
more! — With  fuch  a  fuperlative  contempt  of 
your  underftanding  and  fpiric  ha$  an  infblent  Mi- 


r 


,■  \ 


»^%t.- 


/ 


N 


-  "       [     44     ] 

niftry  prcfumed  to  think  of  you,  our  refpc6i:abre* 
fellow -iubjedls,  according  to  the  information  we 
have  received,  as  firmly  to  perfwade  themielves 
that  your  gratitude,  for  the  injuries  and  infults 
they  have  recently  offered  to  you,  will  engage 
you  to  take  up  arms,  and  render  yourfelves  the 
ridicule  and  deteftation  of  the  world,  by  becom- 
ing tools,  in  their  hands,  to  alBil  chem  in  taking 
that  freedom  from  /w,  which  they  har  reachc- 
rouflv  denied  to  you  \  the  unavoidable  confe* 
quence  of  which  attempt,  if  f^iccefsfiil,  would 
be  the  extinftion  of  all  hopes  of  you  or  your 
pofterity  being  ever  ifcftored  to  freedom:  For 
idiocy  itfelf  cannot  believe,  that,  when  their 
drudgery  is  performed,  rhcy  wilt  treat  you  with 
lefs  cruelty  than  they  'have  us^  who  are  of  the 
fame  blood  with  themfclvcSs 


What  would  your  countryman,  tlK  imjfribr- 
tal  MontefcjiiieUy  have  faid  to^ad  a  plan  of  do^ 
mination,  as  ha$  been  frarped  for  'ou  ?  Hear  his 
words,  with  an  intenfeneis  of  tho\  ^ht  fuited  to 
the  importance  of  the  fubjeft .  — •*  i  a  free  ft'ate; 
every  man,  who  is  fuppofed  a  frcr  agent,  ought 
to  he  concerned  in  his  own  govemme  f ;  Therefore 
the  legijlative  fhouk!  refide  in  the  hole  body  of 
the  people^  or  their  reprefintativ.  "- — '*  The 
political  liberty  of  the  fubjedt  is  a  tranquillity  of 
fnind,  arifingfrom  thell^inion  each  perfon  has  of 
his  fafety.  in  order  to  have  this  liberty,  it  is  re- 
<^(lte  the  government  be  fo  conftituted,  as  that 
one  man  need  not  be  a/raid  of  another.  When 
the  power  of  making  laws,  and  the  power  of  ex- 
ecuting them,  are  united  in  the  fame  perfon,  or 
in  the  fame  body  of  Magillrates,  there  can  he  nd 
V»%4  iihertyy 


.-/■..-_,: 


/ 


lAerty  \  bec^ufe  apprchenfions  may  arife,  1^  ti^f 
fame  Monarch  or  Senate  Ihould  enaSt  .tyrannical 
Jaws,  to  execute  them  in  a  tyrannical  manner." 

» 

"  The  power  of  judging  flioyld  he  exercifcd 

by  perfQns  taken  from  the  body  fif  tife  people^  at 
certain  times  of  the  year,  and  purfuant  to  a  form 
.and  maimer  prefcribed  by  law.  7here  is  no  li- 
ber ty^  if  the  power  of  judging  be  not  feparaUd 
from  the  iegijlafiv/e  Sind  executive  powers."     .  , 


>  ■ 


*•  Military  men  belong  to  a  profeffion, 
mKich  may  bg  ufeful,  but  is  often  dangerous."-— 
*'  The  enjoyment  of  liberty,  and  eyen  its  iup- 
port  and  preferyation,  confifts  in  every  man's 
.being  allowed  to  fpeak  his  jthoughcs,  ^nd  Uy 
>c^n  bis  ioDtimentSu  *  h  f>iT^>j^^>i3  t*>* 

A|u|LY  thefe  decifive  maxims,  fan(5Hfied  by 
icHrwimirity  ©^  ^  name  which  all  Europe  re- 
(wres,  to  yoxifHm^  ftate.  You  have  a  Gover- 
nor, it  may  be  urged,  vefted  with  the  executive 
ipowers,  or  the  powtrs  of  adminifirfition.  In 
iiim,  and  in  your  Council,  is  lodged  the  power 
qf  making  laws.  You  have  Judges^  who,  are  to 
decide  every  caufe  affeding  your  lives,  liberty  or 
property.  Here  isi,  indeed,  an  appearance  of  the 
leveral  powers  being  Jeparated  and  diftnbuted  into 
different  hands,  for  checks  one  upon  another,  the 
only  efFeftual  mode  ever  invented  by  the  Wit  of 
•men,  to  promote  their  freedom  and  profpefity. 
B.Ut  (corning  to  be  illuded  by  a  tinfePd  outlide^  iw?d 
exerting  the  natural  fagacity  of  Frenchmen,  e:^* 
amine  the  Ipecious  device,  and  you  will  find  it» 
.to  yfe  an  cxpr^fllon  of  holy  psxty  *'  ji  whict^'. 

G    2  ft-pul-. 


■.\-:.« 


i.-)ii>»>* 


C  46   1 

ij^lchre,'f  for  buiying  your  lives,  liberty  ^uid 
property. 

i     »-  ■   %  , 

Your  Judges^  and  your  Legifiative  Counci/, 
as  it  is  called,  are  dependant  on  your  Governor^ 
and  he  is  dependant  on  jthe  forvant  of  the  Crown 
in  Great-Britain.  The  legifiative,  executive  and 
judging  powers  are  ail  mov<rd  by  the  nods  of  a 
Minifter.  Privileges  and  immunities  laft  no 
longer  than  his  fmiles.  When  he  frowns,  their 
feeble  forms  diflblve.  Such  a  treachei'ous  inge- 
nuity has  been  exerted  in  drawing  up  the  code 
lately  offered  you,  that  every  ientence,  beginning 
with  a  benevolent  pretenfion,  concludes  with  ^ 
deftrudlive  powers  and  the  fubftance  of  the 
whole,  divefted  of  its  fmooth  words,  is— thajc 
the  Crown  and  its  Minj|bers  (hall  be  as  abfolute 
throughout  your  extended  province,  as  the  de- 
ipots  of  Afia  or  Africa.  What  can  protaKyour 
property  f rotn  taxing  edi^s,  and  the /fi^oo^  of 
neceflfitous  and  cruel  mailer^  ?^„|^|fperr6ns  ftpfs^ 
Letters  de  Cachet,  goals,  dungeons,  and  oppref- 
iive  fervices  ?  your  lives/and  general  liberty  from 
arbitrary  and  unfeeling  rulers  ?  We  ^iefy  you, 
calling  your  view  upon  every  fide,  to  diicover  a 
iingle  circumftance,  promifing  from  any  quarter 
the  fainted  hope  oi&ycrty  to  you  or  your  pofte- 
rity,  but  from  an  tntire  adoption  into  the  union 
of  ihefe  Colonies. 

■  •  r 

What  advice  would  the  truly  great  roan  be- 
fore mentioned,  that  advocate  of  freedom  and 
numanity,  give  you,  was  he  now  K^^ing,  and 
)cnew  that  we,  your  numerous  and  powerful 
l^eighboprs,  animated  by  a  juft  love  of  our  in- 

'     ' .  '  '  .       ;       -    ,       yaded 


arade 

of  af 

every 

your 

right 

us  th 

from 

Irrtcn 

rank 

jcufto 

make 

maki 


^' 


^. 


ty  juid 


Council^ 

Grown 

ive  9od 
is  of  9 
lad  no 
(,  their 
IS  inge- 
le  code 
ginning 
with  i 
of  the 
s— that 
ibfoliite 
the  de- 
our 


aeii)Fof 

oppref- 
y  from 
y  you, 
covera 
quarter 
poftc- 
:  union 


tan  he- 
rn and 
,  and 
werful 
)ur  in- 
vaded 


{    47,3 

jr«kd  lights,  and  UQited  by  the  Indinblubk  bands 
of  afie£tion  and  intereft,  called  upon  you,  by 
every  obligation  of  regard  for  yourfclves  and 
your  children,  as  we  now  do,  to  join  us  in  our 
righteous  contleft,  to  niake  common  caufc  with 
us  therein,  and  take  a  noble  chanc.:  for  emerginj^ 
from  a  humiliating  fubje^ion  under  Govcrnbi-s, 
intcndants,  and  Military  Tyrants,  into  the"  firm 
rank  and  condition  of  EngHfli  freemen,  whofe 
jcuilom  it  is,  derived  from  their  acceftors,  to 
make  thofe  tremble,  who  dare  to  think  of 
making  them  miferable  ?    vi  ?" 


)..  \^.-... 


■  ^■*ftV-';-T'r<^  .    tr^"*''.'^'-  v^^f 


Would  not  this  be',the  purport  of  his  addrels  ? 
M  Sieze  the  opportunity  prefented  to  you  by  Pro- 
vidence itfelf.     You  have  been  conquered  into 
liberty,  if  you  aft  &s  you  ought.     This  work  is 
not  of  man.     You  are  a  fmall  people,  compared 
to  thQfMvho  with  open  arms  invite  you  into  a 
felk*^i^»  A  mofpent's  reflexion  (bould  con- 
vince you  whicfe  will  be  moft  for  your  intereft 
and  happinefs^  to  have  all  the  reft  of  North- 
Amerkra  your  unalterable  friends,  or  your  inve- 
terate enemies.     The  injuries  of  Bofton   have 
rou(ed  and  afibciated  every  colony,  from  Nova- 
Scotla  to  Georgia.  Ybur  province  is  the  only  link 
wanting  to  compleat  the  bright  and  ftrong  chain 
of  union.     Nature  has  jpiped  'your  country  to 
theirs.    Do  you  join  your  polidcal  interefts.  For 
their  own  fakes,  they  never  will  deftit  or  betray 
you.    Be  afTured,  that  the  happinefs  of  a  people 
inevitably  depends  on  their  liberty,  and  their  <pi-\ 
rit  to  alfcrt  it.    The  value  and  extent  of  the  ad- 
vantages  tendered  to  you  are  immcnfe.    Heaven 
■*■      .  -   •  G  2*  S''*^°F 


•■■  "^ 


iM\ 


r-'.    a 


'h'-r. 


( 


'1 


/' 


■»w-sf 


«s 


I  48  ] 

grant  you  may  not  difcover  them  to  be  bieflings 
after  they  have  bid  you  an  eternal  adieu." 

We  are  too  well  acquainted  with  the  liberality 
of  fentiment  dif^inguiihing  your  nation,  to  ima-r 
^e,  that  difference  of  religion  will  prejudice 
you  againft  a  hearty  amity  with  us.  You  know, 
that  the  tranfcendant  nature  of  freedom  elevates 
thofe,  who  unite  in  her  caufe,  above  all  fuch  low 
minded  infirmities.  The  Swifs  Cantons  furnilh 
a  memorable  proof  of  this  truth.  Their  union 
is  compofed  of  Roman  Catholic  and  Proteltant 
States,  living  in  the  utmoft  concord  and  peace 
with  oi)e  another,  and  thereby  enabled,  ever 
fince  they  bravely  vindicated  their  freedom,  to 
defy  and  defeat  every  tyrant  that  has  invaded 
them. 


t..=  : 


'"A<j**f"'*"^  y<<'-4  • 


Should  there  be  any  among  yoij^p^  ther-e 
generally  are  in  all  focieties,  who  pfeferlbe  fa- 
vours of  Minifters,  and  their  <^wn  private  inte- 
refts,  to  the  welfare  of  their  country,  the  temper 
of  fuch  felfifli  peribns  will  render  them  incredibly 
active  in  oppofing  all  public-fpirited  meafures, 
from  an  expectation  of  being  well  rewarded  for 
their  fordid  induftry,  by  their  fuperiors ;  but  we 
doubt  not  you  will  be  upon  your  guard  againft 
fuch  men,  and  Viot  facrifice  the  liberty  and  hap- 
pinefs  of  the  whole  Canadian  peop]e  and  their 
pofterity,  to  gratify  the  avarice  and  ambition  of 
Individu^s.  .,  ^ 


f  We  do  not  afk  you,  by  this  addre(s,  to  com- 
mence  a6ts  of  hoftility  againft  the  government 
of  our  common  Sovereign.  We  only  invite  you 


1775- 


t- 


e  bteffings 
u." 

:  liberality 
1,  to  imaT 
prejudice 
ou  know, 
n  elevates 
I  fuch  low 
ins  furniih 
beir  union 
Proteftant 
and  peace 
led,  ever 
edom,  to 
s  invaded 


HL^  ther-e 

feir*e  fa- 

[vate  intc- 

e  temper 

ncredibly 

meafures, 

arded  for 

but  we 

d  againfl; 

and  hap- 

and  their 

ibition  of 


to  com- 
irernnient 

# 

ivlte  you 


i    49    ] 

to  confult  your  own  glory  and  welfare,  and  not 
to  fufTer  yourfelves  to  be  inveigled  or  intimidated 
.  by  infamous  Minifters  To  far,  as  to  become  the 
inftruments  of  their  cruelty  and  defpotifm,  but 
to  unite  with  us  in  one  focial  compa6b,  formed  on 
the  generous  principles  of  equal  liberty,  and  ce* 
mented  by  fuch  an  exchange  of  beneficial  and 
endearing  offices  as  to  render  it  perpetual.  In 
order  to  complete  this  highly  defirable  union,  we 
fubmit  it  to  your  confideration,  whether  it  may 
pot  be  expedient  for  you  to  meet  together  in 
your  feveral  towns  and  diftri6ls,  and  eleft  De- 
puties, who  afterwards  meeting  in  a  provincial 
Congrefs,  may  chufe .  Delegates,  to  reprefene 
your  province  in  the  continental  Congreis  to  be 
held  at  Philadelphia  on  the  tenth  day  of  Mayy 

1775.  .         ^  ......... ^^.  ^.^r:  — 

In  ^diis  prcftnt  Congrefi,  beginning  on  the 
fiftb  of  the  laft  m^h,  and  continued  to  this 
day,  it  has  been,  with  univerfal  pleafure  and  an 
unanimous  vote,  refolved.  That  we(hould  con«-. 
fider  the  violation  of  your  rights,  by  the  aft  for 
altering  the  government  of  your  province,  as  a 
violation  of  our  own,  and  that  you  fliould  be 
invited  to  accede  to  our  confecjeration,  which 
has  no  other  objects  than  the  perfect  fecurity  of 
the  natural  and  civil  rights  of  all  the  conftituent 
members,  according  to  their  rcfpeftivc  circum- 
ftances,  and  the  prefervation  of  a  happy  and 
lading  connection  with  Great-Britain,  on  the  fay 
lutary  and  condicutional  principles  herein  before 
mentioned.  For  efFcfbing  thefe  purpofes,  w6 
have  addreffed  an  humble  and  loyal  petition  to 
h»  Majefty,  praying  relief  of  our  and  your 

gricv- 


V 


4^ 


t^v^ 


1*^* 


c|<i  :)i^,  ^^.affocia^4  to  Jtop  all;      , 

l^;nbm  GnM^-^^^  aftet 

8M^.%ft4^  rf  PSpP^  all  exp^utiona 

,1^  |h(#  Ki^l^pii^  and  the  Wcft-In^^s,  ^^^ 

lit  |ej[^^  4a>^  <^f  neatt  September,  Unleis.  the  fiud 

gri^f ances  are  redrefled. 

4  That  Almighty  God  may  incline  your  minds 
(o^fApprove  bur  equitable  and  neceilary  m^Cures, 
td  add  yourfelyes  to  us,  to  pijt  yoUrfatie,  wheo* 
ever  you  fuffer  injuries  which  you  are  determior 
ed  to  oppose,  not  on  the  fma'il  infiuence  of  your 
^Dgl^  provincilf  but  on  the  conibiidated  powers 
^  N^rth'America,  and  may  gra^t  to  oiir  |oint 
cxiertions  an  event  as  happy  as  our  caufe  ia  ji^ft, 
is  th«^  fi^iocnlpray^  9^aMa>  your  fincere  and  af- 
idSkionate  friends  and  ifellow-^bjedts. 

By  order  of  the  C^^BI^ 

HsKRy  Mwmt4oti9  Fri6dm. 


i  ^.     ,  .J 


.■(*i 


O^Dbera^  1774^ 


r 


^p>-' 


.,jt^ 


r"^  I 


•-«(» .  ■ '  • 


>i  -i . 


'"'  ■  1^- 


Sp*"^"--,-  • 


^' 


''-'*r'.L 


eund,  aftei 
BxpiiratioM 
o^^s,  9ktt 
Ids  the  (aid 


your  minds 
Y  m^Cures, 
fate,  when* 
e  decermuir 
Dce  of  your 
ited  powers  ^ 
to  6urj|oinr 
iufeift  jMft 
:ere  And 


'tfRQCfltH' 


ff- 


'S 


^ 


f 


